The Need-to-Know on SECURE Act 2.0

Posted by Jerry Mee, CFP®

Apr 30, 2023

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Fellow Financial Professionals, have no fear. Mike and Jerry are here (as always) to run through SECURE Act 2.0 provisions going into effect in 2023 ONLY. We cover the new RMD age and new exceptions to early withdrawal penalties as well as a couple of new tax credits that could benefit your clients.

The BIF Bites podcast covers topics that are important to those seeking CFP® certification and really anyone that wants to better understand the financial services industry in general.

Jerry Mee, CFP® is the Director of Student Support at the Boston Institute of Finance (BIF) and has nearly a decade’s worth of experience in the financial services industry.

Mike Long, CFP®, ChFC®, CLU® is the Co-Director of Curriculum for the Boston Institute of Finance (BIF). He has made his career in financial services and financial services education over the past 40 years.

 

Full Transcript:

Jerry Mee 

Hello everyone and welcome back to another awesome episode. Biff Bites podcast. I'm your host, Jerry Mee. And join this week with the one and only. Me, Mike, the BIF man. How are you doing, Mike? 

Mike Long 

I've heard that reference for a while. Up with that a few years ago called. 

Jerry Mee 

It's still on your voicemail. I gave you a call the other day, and you know it. It went to voicemail, and I was greeted with the Biff man long. 

Mike Long 

I didn't know that it was still on there. So did you ever see the graphic that I think, Adam, I think Adam made it, but it was Biff, man as a superhero. 

Jerry Mee 

Yes, I did. I remember that. 

Mike Long 

Oh, I can't even I probably haven't listened to that voicemail greeting in in years, so that's funny that it's still on there, but it kind of caught on though, didn't it? Students are constantly referring to Biff Man or the Biff. Now the BIFF crew, because there's so many of us involved at this point. But yeah, that's funny. 

Jerry Mee 

Well, we have an awesome subject today, Mike, though it's probably I can already predict it's going to give us some headaches updating all the curriculum and you know, adding all this in. But Congress was kind enough to hit us with SECURE Act 2.0, I'm sure. A lot of people listening remember the first secure act going into effect and all the changes it made to the industry. A lot of changes were still feeling and still dealing with. I know it was. A massive overwrite of the CFP curriculum we had to do a lot of work getting all the materials up to date and you know, Congress is coming back for round two. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, they drive me crazy, you know, and at one time, I would love to just sit in on these committee meetings where they come up with all these twists and layers and exceptions and all that because I just shake my head at that. The way these things come down and all the little nuances, I'm like, come on, people. This could be so much simpler, but 2.0 on the Secure Act is another one of those that has. Layers and different effective dates and it just make me nuts, I guess. As a content writer and question writer, it is a major pain, as you just said. But my focus when this stuff happens in my career, I honestly, I don't study. The future year stuff because I've what I've seen in my career is they lay out these sweeping changes with all of these twists and turns and some of it never comes to be it gets repetitive. Field by the next administration before it ever became law. o I don't study stuff that is to take place next year or the year after or in 10 years. I only study it as it is right now and the only thing, we try to overlap in these sessions often. Particularly when I'm involved, the overlap between private practice and the CFP exam. And so, the only thing remotely possible to be tested on the CFP exam forthcoming with. 2.0 is. Is the stuff that happened when it passed at the end of last year, but also that was effective in 2023. Nothing else would be even remotely testable at this time. So in looking at this. I'm thinking about visiting with you today. I thought I'm just. I think we ought to just talk about a handful of things that are right now real. Practice and for the for the CFP exam. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah. So if you're listening to this right now and you're sitting for your exam in July of 2023, I wouldn't be freaking out by any means. You know, even though this technically could be tested on, I still think the CFP board is going to, you know, hold this at arm's length. They're not really going to get into this nitty-gritty just because it is so new. And that is traditionally what the CFP board has. Done in the past with things like the CARES Act and the Secure Act and these other bills that took effect, we usually don't see them start to test on it until the year afterwards. So yeah, at the earliest. 

Mike Long 

At the earliest because. Really sweeping things that happen with the tax cuts and JOBS Act that took at. Least a year. 

Jerry Mee 

Right. 

Mike Long 

To make it into the CFP exam. So I think you're exactly right, Jerry, don't panic if you're CFP study. We've done that. This is going to be all over your exam. It would just be shocking if honestly, if any of this just did. But some of these things that we're going to touch on today have been tested in the past. So it'll be interesting to learn if. 

Jerry Mee 

They're previous rules, they're the previous. 

Mike Long 

If we even test the previous rules now and they say next exam cycle so you know they'll never confirm or deny that, so we won't. That would be for sure, but. So we'll see. But yeah, there's just a handful of things that that well, this is really good. To know right now. 

Jerry Mee 

Definitely good to. Know for your real-life clients and certainly if you are still going through the education or you know you're planning on taking the exam in November or 2024, then you know you are going to want to have your ears perked up a little bit because you will. You are more likely to be. You know what we're going to be covering in today's episode. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, I think that's good advice. So yeah, so the first, the first couple of things are very relevant and do get into that category of this has been tested in the past, but the first two things having to do with required minimum distributions, there were a couple of interesting. Changes with that. So I thought maybe that would be a good way to start this, if that's OK with you. 

Jerry Mee 

No, I think that's, you know, probably the one of the most hard-hitting areas that got updated, especially this first one, the increase in RMD age. 

Mike Long 

Yeah. Pushing it out, pushing it out. I like it. It went, you know, it was at 70 1/2 for years and years and years and years and then most recently to 72. And now with SUCURE Act 2.0, in 2023, that new age is 73 to commence RMD's and this would be, of course, IRA's or qualified plan distribution. So they just keep pushing it out and in that law it's scheduled to be pushed out even further. In the future, but again I'm not focused on that right now, but I'm just mainly looking because it impacts clients right now. Now it' now age 73. Now this doesn't. Impact those who were 72 or older as of December 30. 1st 2022 it's not now that they can stop and wait if they were already 72 last year, then they're already in RMD status. But for folks that. You know only are turning 72 this year. Then they can now delay until they're 73, so that impacts a lot of our clients. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, that is, that is really big. I do like that they are keeping it to the full years because I remember when I entered the industry that half year, RMD aged always caused so many problems with so many clients being confused about when they had to do it or not. So I like that it's. 

Speaker 

Total commitment slide. 

Jerry Mee 

Still a whole year. I just think it's funny that they keep increasing the. RMD age yet? Americans life expectancy is actually going down. So American life expectancy is down to 77 years, R&D is at 73 and RMD is slated to keep increasing. And if trends continue with life expectancy, we might actually see RMD age and life expectancy age meet somewhere in. 

Mike Long 

You have to start taking out when you die. Maybe that's on the horizon, but that's an interesting comment because part of that will also be, I totally believe. That the forward harmony to Social Security will continue to be pushed out as well. It's been sitting, you know, from those born in 1960 and on it became 867. But I'll be shocked if that doesn't change in the coming years to push that out to A to a later age as well. And I've seen, you know, no proposed legislation on that, but it just seems the trend is everything getting pushed. 

Jerry Mee 

I just think it's funny that the argument with that is like, Oh well, people are living longer, so we need to push it out. But it's like, well, actually people are not living longer. People are actually, you know, their life expectancy is going down ever since 2020 and is continue to go to. So what's the explanation there, Congress. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, yeah, that's why would you just love to sit in on one of those committee meetings and just hear some of the logic. It if there if it exists, why we would? 

Jerry Mee 

Right. 

Mike Long 

Do this and not that. 

Jerry Mee 

No, we're totally not running out of money and that's not why we're increasing the age. 

Mike Long 

Yeah. No. No, never. So anyway, we've got clients right now that this impacts that maybe they really didn't want to have to take an RMD. They're sitting at 72 right now and maybe that's a relief for them. Particularly if they're still working, which has a lot of people, are that that added income, they wouldn't be spending would just be taxed. So we'll see how this, how this plays out, but yet. If you look at Social Security, the trend is to take it later, but still the majority of folks are taking it before full retirement age I believe. So that's interesting to me. So I don't know how this might dovetail in with that of claiming Social Security a little bit earlier, but being able to wait on the RMD, it's just and it's so personal, don't you think it really is, has to really go client by client on what the best age is for all these are and why we have to do comprehensive. Discussions and fact gathering to see, OK, how does all this play out for this client? 

Jerry Mee 

This next update I'm actually a pretty big fan of. I always hated this part of the RMD law because in my mind, I felt it unfairly targeted the, you know, less well off the less organized seniors. And that's the failure to take your RMD. Excise tax, which was always really brutal. It was 50% of the failed RMD distribution was the ex was taxed. You know, and when you think about the type of people who miss their RMD's, it's usually not, you know, the Super wealthy who are purposely avoiding their RMD's because they want to avoid it. It's usually the people who you know they don't have a financial advisor because they can't afford one or the senile or the ones who. You know, just don't have a hand on their finances because of one reason or another, and they're usually the ones that are most vulnerable and least able to, you know, pay this really hefty tax. So it is still hefty, but it is at least being reduced a bit. It's going from a 50% penalty down to a 25% penalty. And they said it would be further reduced down to a 10% penalty if the failure is corrected at the end of the second year. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, that's interesting. And I think honestly, I think it, it should never be more than 10% anyway. 

Jerry Mee 

Right. 

Mike Long 

But now, if it's caught early enough, then it can get back to the down to just 10%. But you're exactly right with all those comments. It's just brutal and, for those that, as you say, don't have a financial advisor and just forget, then they were just getting hammered and 25% is still pretty darn steep. But hopefully those who forget or don't take enough, you know, one of the problems with this that created penalties was confusion over. The ability to delay one's first RMD until April first of the year following the year they reached RMD age and then the problem that that that created was. Clients not realizing that if they choose to do that. Then that next year's RMD has to come out by December 31st of that same year, and a lot of folks didn't catch that and. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, they didn't realize they had a double up. 

Mike Long 

And so they were. They were late on that second one that needed to happen, and that's the money they got hit with the 50. Percent, so hopefully more people will get advisors and or at least their banks or someone is keeping them a price of this and fix it within two years because that's a nice change I think. 

Jerry Mee 

So that is that is a nice update. So what else did you see that was interesting, Mike, in, in these pages and pages of legalese? 

Mike Long 

Yeah, there's, you know, there's a lot. There's a lot in here. And one of them I started to highlight, to talk with you. And then I kind of crossed it off, I'll. Just put it out there. This qualified longevity annuity. Contracts, they've increased that dollar limit from 125,000 to 200,000, but yet honestly. I've not met one person that even did it at 1:25. That's just such a major trade off to say my $200,000 is gone, but I have this lifetime monthly income on the backside. Maybe their advisors out there that have tons of clients that do this, I just have not seen it. it. So it's always interesting to me. That this continues to be thrown out there. And now it's been expanded to two. 100,000 when I just don't. Think there were very many takers at 1:25. 

Jerry Mee 

It makes me think if like one of these, Congress met people on the committee, does it and it's like, you know, they're personal bone cause. Yeah, I don't think I've ever heard of the client. Actually taking advantage of this, you know, I've just, I've never seen it in the wild. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, I mean logically, I understand that it's like. Oh well this. Assures that income down the road. But when you start crunching the math. Of what the internal rate of return is on giving up that lump sum in exchange for that monthly check. The internal rate of return is not real high and typically is easily duplicated or bettered just by continuing to manage the money. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, just keep. It in your IRA. You know, get that. 

Mike Long 

You can still take that income. Out, you know, but. 

Jerry Mee 

Especially with interest rates increasing, you know we're, you know, maybe this made more sense when interest rates were, you know back at 2%, but you know we're. We're past that. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, yeah, I don't know. And then they're like, joked. Over the years. Since this started popping up. That looks like a lobby money. At work to me. You know that? Hey, he was so it's so annuities inside of this and OK, that's a good idea. And here's a big campaign contribution. So I don't know that's not a nice  thing to say, but ow. It's always confusing me of why. Why? That's a big deal. So if you're out there. And you have tons of people. I'd love to hear from you. And just like how they're doing it and what they love about it. And they do. They understand that, you know, down the road that lump sum isn't still there. I mean, I would love to hear all of that because I just haven't experienced it since this became a thing. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, for sure, definitely let us know. 

Mike Long 

But the other thing that caught my eye, Jerry, is this special needs trust as a beneficiary. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, you were talking about this before the show. So yeah, what's going on with the special needs trust? 

Mike Long 

Well, you know, we went through the change with the Secure Act about, you know, squashing the ability to do generational spreads for a beneficiary situations for IRA's, you know, stretch IRA's as we call them. And implemented was that 10 year drain. If one isn't an eligible designated beneficiary. And eligible designated beneficiaries, they are the only beneficiaries that could base distributions in the old manner. The old stretch manner on their own life expectancy. No one else could. So an adult child beneficiary. Of a parent. Fell then under the 10 year drain where they had to liquidate that account within 10 years, so it just expedites the collection of taxes. So a disabled person was one of the categories. For eligible designated beneficiary, along with the spouse, a minor child, disabled person, or someone who is younger than the decedent account owner, but not more than 10 years younger. Those were your categories. But outside of that was if the money was going to be paid. To a trust. And in that situation, it was going to be subject to that 10 year drain and so disadvantaged in that would be particularly special, needs trust beneficiaries. But now that's been fixed to where if the beneficiary of the IRA is a special needs trust. Then it is now considered an eligible designated beneficiary. Now that's a logical connection too, because the beneficiaries. Of a special needs trust are disabled or chronically ill individuals, so that just makes so much sense that they too, the trust would be included and wouldn't need to be drained in 10 years because in many instances those disabled or chronically ill individuals who are beneficiaries of those special needs. We're going to need it longer than 10. So I liked this change a lot to help those folks be able to spread out those distributions over a much longer time period. 

Jerry Mee 

A couple other things that I thought were really interesting. The new exceptions to the 10% penalty. So you know it's something we've driven home in Class A lot is you know you got to be aware of the penalty, big ones are you know first time home purchase you know spending it on college education. Couple of other things, you know, medical expenses. Is things like that and with secure Act 2.0 we're adding a couple additional exceptions to the list of reasons that you can take money out of your IRA before retirement age and not have to pay that 10% penalty. 

Mike Long 

What were your favorites there that caught your eye as you looked at that list? 

Jerry Mee 

Uh, well, for myself, just personally cause of where I am in my life. The ones that I was looking at were things involving the first time home purchase so. Now they have a new clause where if you take money out of the IRA for a first time home purchase and something goes wrong and a there is a disaster that prevents you from purchasing that House, you can repay that money. Into the IRA within 180 days. So personally myself, I'm looking at buying a house my first time home purchase coming up in the next couple months, so that's. That was just one that really, you know, perked my ears. Another one is the qualified birth and adoption expenses. I think that's one that is going to probably be just as popular as the first time home purchase. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, I agree that that that's an excellent addition to the lineup of those exemptions. I also blagged when I read through this for terminally ill individuals were added to the list too, they could and honestly. 

Jerry Mee 

It should be. I don't know why that wasn't the case. In the first place. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, and my question for them would have been the fine line because. Has disability of the account owner has been on there a long time, but not specifically the reference to terminally ill. 

Jerry Mee 

Right. 

Mike Long 

So I'm like, wow, we're hairs being split like that. You know that. Oh, no, we're penalizing you. Disability was one of the exceptions, but not terminally ill. And I'm like, oh, my gosh. But this isn't something that ever jumped out at me as being egregiously missing. Right. But it's great that now that's been put in there and it doesn't have to be a debate over is the person disabled or not, if they're terminally ill and the time period is longer than other things that involve provisions of this is life expectancy. Death is expected within 84 months, so it's a seven-year window which is longer than things like radical settlements that. Kind of thing. 

Jerry Mee 

Right. Yeah, I did notice that 84 month time frame was generous. Going back, I noticed though on the qualified birth and adoption one. Did they do dictate a dollar amount with it? Usually I would expect something like this to have a dollar amount, but I don't see anything in here about it being limited. You know like to $10,000 or something like that, like with the first time home purchase. 

Mike Long 

I don't know. The answer to that off the top of my head I guess we'd have to pull up the secure act of 2019. To see if anything was in there and then improved upon. So I don't know the answer. To that, Jeremiah. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, it might actually be unlimited. Just looking at this wording cause it's it has to be for qualified birth and adoption expenses. So I guess maybe it it's like the tuition. The tuition exception, where as long as it's a qualified expense, it's covered. There's no dollar. Well, actually tuition is also limited, is it not? I need to look that up. It's I get so confused with all the numbers flying around, I forget which ones have the. Limits or not? 

Mike Long 

So hopefully that's exactly what it is. Just if it's in that category, they're not going to artificially cap it. But I'm happy for folks adopting having children that you know, this is a a source. I mean obviously you would hope. That that you can leave retirement money alone. But you know when that's the only source, then this is great, that it's not going to slap another penalty on top of it. I mean, the taxation is still there. And then this this provision 2. Makes available the ability to put the money back into the account. 

Jerry Mee 

Yelps that is. 

Mike Long 

Which is interesting. I'm thinking of, you know, like hardship withdrawals from 401K plans. It's great that it can be accessed like that, but there's no way to get it back in there other than going back and increasing ones ongoing deductions. But here there's provision that they can actually repay that. So that's kind of cool too, to restore it as retirement money after using it for birth or adoption expenses. So these are all, I think very worthwhile additions to the list that's been out there quite a while. Was there anything else? And it was maybe one more thing that caught my eye. Return of excess contributions and earnings. If one you know has, it makes an excess contribution and it's distributed with earnings, we would have tax, but also that was subject to penalty as well. But now that can be reversed out when in. If it's corrected by the due date of the tax return, then that that would be exempt from the penalty as well. So that's nice. If somebody at the end of the year isn't eligible to have made the contribution that they made, then this is a way to not get hit with another 10% for having to. Distribute that money. 

Jerry Mee 

Right. 

Mike Long 

Prior to prior to 15 1/2, so some nice enhancements to that list of exceptions. 

Jerry Mee 

Going to the other side of the coin too, for our listeners who have lots of business clients, there is also a pretty nice. Update for business owners looking to start a retirement plan, there's a new tax credit that offsets 100% of the startup cost of setting up a new retirement plan. If you have less than 100 employees. So if you have those small business clients and you know they're thinking about setting up a simple or a set up or something like that and they've been Hemming and hawing cause they don't want to pay the fees, you can just tell them, hey, don't worry, you get a dollar for dollar credit for it on your taxes. You know, it's no, no skin off your back. You can set this up and your employees will be happy. And you'll have a retirement plan. For you know basically. Free for the first three years. 

Mike Long 

That's a good point. They dabbled with that over the years, recent years, but the credit was capped out at such a low number that I never saw it as being real, a real incentive for the that small business to go ahead and put something in it, it just wasn't. 

Jerry Mee 

Prior was 50% of start up cost up to a cap of $5000. And now it's 100% of startup costs with a maximum of $1000 per employee. 

Speaker 

  1.  

Jerry Mee 

Which are big. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, so that's sweet. And I like that. I early in my career. And then for a couple of decades, that's how I made my living. Was doing retirement plans in primarily small and mid size businesses and those type of things didn't exist. So it was a big decision for some of those smaller companies to bite the bullet and do something. I wish this had been in place all the years I was setting up plans. 

Jerry Mee 

I mean it's a, it's a really, you know, powerful argument. 

Mike Long 

I like that. 

Jerry Mee 

You know if your clients are giving you pushback saying they don't want to flip the bill for setting up a retirement plan, you know, now you can show it's like. Listen, you really don't have to pay anything for the first couple of years and your employees are going to be really happy about it. 

Mike Long 

Yeah. And Speaking of steps and simples, that was another piece I liked seeing to kind of parallel what was already happening on the qualified plan side and that is starting in 2023. To ASAP and employer or employee contributions to a simple can be done as a Roth and that didn't exist before. It's been around for a while with qualified plans where there a qualified plan can have a Roth account inside of it to use after tax monies didn't exist. For these couple of IRA funds. Plans of step and the simple. So now in the right situation for someone tax wise that could be done as a. Roth, so that's pretty cool. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, for sure. 

Mike Long 

So what it was this was such a long list of stuff we went through to look at. I can't say that I really thought a lot about this next piece, but. But once I read it in in secure act two point I was like, oh, OK, well then that's a very good thing. But that's a statute of limitations for excess IRA contributions and required minimum distribution failures. That and again, I never really thought very deeply about this before. That there was a three-year statute of limitations on that, but the catch in the tax code was is that statute of limitations didn't even begin until the client had filed form 5329, which is what reports that situation. Right. So it's one of those that this may go on for a long time and it's like, oh, my goodness, we missed an RMD or had an excess IRA contribution in there. So they're in a position of getting tagged for a lot of taxes and penalty. Is because the statute never really started until that form was filed, but now? But now the that statute of limitation starts with the filing of their 10/4. It's not linked to the form 5329 now so effectively. The good news? For clients affected by this are, it's going to shorten the time period. It's going to shorten the time period for when they could be subject to, you know, to those penalties. So again, something I never really paid much attention to, but I thought well, gosh, that's going to benefit. Some people, if they file their taxes but didn't realize they had a violation here with an excess contribution or a missed RMD. And now that, years later, they're still in a position to get tagged with that, a big penalty on that here, at least there's a time frame in which that would apply. So I highlighted that as well. 

Jerry Mee 

So that you know just a little kind of quality of life improvements which are nice to see. 

Mike Long 

I mean, it's one thing if a person does something to try to evade taxes, but a lot of it, like you said earlier, it's there's just some mistakes that get made and you hate to see people really get pounded when it was just an honest mistake. So some of these things are really. I think going to help folks, then the last thing on this list that we were looking at. That that I highlighted was has to do with the IRA charitable distribution rules. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, that's a big one. 

Mike Long 

So for a while we've had the ability to do a qualified charitable distribution from an IRA up to $100,000 as a direct transfer. It didn't have to be distributed to the individual then be claimed as income then deducted. As an itemized deduction that direct transfer could go directly to the charity itself, and that's been a great thing and a lot of people wealthier people take advantage of that $100,000 to do that. But what's been added now additionally is $50,000. A year could be transferred to a charitable remainder trust. Which is the way a lot of folks make their charitable contributions. But it wasn't part of that qualified charitable distribution piece before it went directly to the charity. Now it can come through the charitable remainder trust, so that's pretty cool too. Like, I think they can actually do both. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, the you can do crafts and cruts and crafts and crafts are definitely things that we have seen tested on the exam, so I would not be surprised if in the future you know this piece of, you know, IRA distributions gets intermingled with Kratz and Cruz. Now, because that that is a pretty popular testing topic. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, I agree. And I know for a fact that the existing qualified charitable distribution rule of 100,000 in a direct transfer to the charity. That absolutely has been tested. So it would make sense that CFP ward would pick up on this enhancement to the fact that, yes. The money is going to a trust a a charitable remainder trust. But yet we now can do it in the same manner as a direct transfer from the IRA, so it's this is all positive stuff. 

Jerry Mee 

Yeah, for sure. 

Mike Long 

In a footnote on that on this for both of these is that starting in 2023, those amounts, so now the 100,000 amount that goes direct or the 50,000 to a crater craft are going to start being indexed for inflation. So those amounts will begin to go up on what one can one can do. So I just this is all some positive stuff. I just think they overcomplicate it, but some of these ideas happening are very worthwhile for folks. 

Jerry Mee 

Awesome. Well, that is about all we had on our docket for Secure Act 2.0. There is definitely way more to the bill that we did not have time to get to. If you are interested, I would definitely say go to the source material. Cereal and really dig into it. But you know, as Mike said at the top of the show, some of it is not slated to come into effect for several years if it ever does, you know, you know, the wins of Congress can always change. So we will see what the future holds. But you know what we covered today is going to be the big ones to be on the lookout for you know, at least the 2024 CFP exam. 

Mike Long 

Yeah, and as we said at the top, these are these are things that tend to have some overlap that, yeah, they're we think these would be very testable for the CPA exam. But also you've got clients that this applies to right now. Whereas some of the other stuff. May never ever make it into the C. CFP exam and the number of clients that you have that it really impacts is pretty limited. So we don't didn't want spend time on that kind of thing in the in the. 

Jerry Mee 

Well, awesome, Mike. Thanks for joining me. Always a pleasure to sit down and chat with you. And for all of our listeners, good luck if you are studying for the July exam and we will see you all soon. 

Mike Long 

Always great to be a guest. 

Jerry Mee 

Anytime, anytime, have a good one, everyone. 

Always great to be a guest. 

 

Topics: BIF Bites Podcast